Dyeing and finishing processes are industrial procedures that utilize chemical and physical techniques to process and enhance the functionality of textiles, falling under the domain of engineering terminology. The core stages include four key steps: scouring, dyeing, printing, and finishing. These processes remove impurities, impart colors and patterns, and improve performance, thereby enhancing the aesthetic and practical qualities of fabrics.

This process removes impurities such as sericin from fibers through refining, utilizes acidic and reactive dyes to meet the dyeing requirements of different fibers, and incorporates techniques like direct printing and digital printing for pattern design. Mechanical or chemical finishing is employed to impart functions such as wrinkle resistance and antibacterial properties to fabrics. Modern technology integrates automated control, computer color matching, and bio-enzyme treatments, driving the transformation of the process toward efficiency and environmental sustainability, exemplified by the application of clean technologies such as low-temperature plasma modification and supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing.

Dyeing and finishing technology originated from ancient silk production, with printing techniques playing a pivotal role in the artistic refinement of silk. As industry evolved, the process gradually transitioned from manual operations to mechanized production. Since the 21st century, it has further integrated information technology, forming an intelligent and networked production system.